The technology, management, and culture of water in ancient Iran from prehistoric times to the Islamic Golden Age

Abstract Despite Iran’s longstanding reputation for sustainable water management, the country currently faces mounting water-related challenges caused by population growth, industrial development, urban sprawl, lifestyle changes, climate change, territorial conflicts, poor and insufficient public participation. Since past present share similar origins patterns, addressing is imperative. After gathering, contextualizing, verifying, clustering, coding, corroborating sources, we conducted a historical study to examine relationship between Iranians from prehistoric times Islamic Golden Age (1219 AD). According findings, in Iran, drought, flooding, river course absence of central government severely impacted development. doubts about qanat’s origin, archaeological investigations indicate proto-historical period, qanat systems existed Iran Arabian Peninsula. In 550 BC, Achaemenids initiated fundamental transformation history building dams, qanats, canals under centralized administration. slump during Seleucids (312–63 BC) Parthians (247 BC–224 AD), practiced governance reborn Sassanids (224–651 The Sassanids, like Achaemenids, formed powerful statement unity, cooperation, support among people implementing their major plans after enhancing institutions, laws, communications. Chaotic however, endured severe weaknesses Late Sassanids. Throughout Age, successfully traded knowledge with other nations. As seen today have been unable thrive on resources since Mongol invasion due weak governance, political tensions, support. sectors face more when ancient are ignored, applied without enhancement, or blindly adopted Therefore, before current problems worsen, it essential integrate traditional modern cultures, technology, management techniques.